Meeting Held by the Historic Preservation Hearing Officer Assignment

Meeting Held by the Historic Preservation Hearing Officer - Assignment Example The meeting started after the deputy of the preservation hearing officer lead in prayers, followed by the formal opening of the meeting. Before the start of the meeting, the flag was presented, which effectively paved way for the progress of the meeting. A number of formalities set the flow and the outlook of the meeting in general, which was considerably different from previous meetings. The tone of the meeting also implied that the meeting would be different from the previous meetings I had attended. The events to be featured in the meeting were set effectively and in a speedy manner, particularly due to the enabling facilitation of the applicant’s representative Kevin Fulkerson and Kevin Weight. The representative hearing officer, Mr. Joe Viola, was also among the attendees that enhanced the flow of events and the coordination of the different discussions held during the meeting. The representative officer guided the different audience, throughout the debates on the different agendas set for the meeting. At the beginning of the meeting, the agenda items were introduced by the representative hearing officer, Mr. Joe Viola. Next, the Applicants’ representative staff, Mr. Kevin Fulkerson, led the agenda through the over sight committee, which entailed the approval of the items in the agenda, from the representative hearing officer. The formal procession of the agenda served as the overall guiding model for the meeting as discussion and the proceeding of the meeting often shifted from the stated order, in a relative manner. Different from other meetings, where a strict order is observed, the items of discussion for the meeting appeared to be taken through processing first, with reference to the rate of approving them. Instead of a strict order, the items seemed to be processed first in terms of how easily they might be approved.     

Immune System and New York Essay Example for Free

Immune System and New York Essay HIV And Its Effects Elizabeth Grundy Psychology 102 Dr Peggy Peach October 10, 2001 HIV And Its Effects 2 HIV AND Its Effects The effects HIV has on a person, symptoms, risks, history and prevention will be explained. HIV is on a rise among sexually active people. According to Packer (1998), HIV, the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a member of a family of viruses. The first member HTLV-I and related to STLV-I researchers believe they both have a common ancestor in Africa. (P.13). This will be explained in the following questions: 1. What are the symptoms of HIV? 2. What are the risks to getting HIV? 3. What is the history of HIV? 4. What is the treatment for HIV? This research paper on HIV will be focused on these four questions. 1. What are the symptoms of HIV? According to Nash (1997), when a person infected with HIV has symptoms such as fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy (persistent, unexplained swelling of the lymph nodes), but no opportunistic infections (illnesses that healthy immune systems fight off) or Kaposis sarcoma, he is said to have AIDS-related complex (ARC). The acronym ARC is not used as frequently as it was in the early years of the epidemic. AIDS is now thought of in term of a HIV continuum. It begins with HIV-positive diagnosis in a person who is not experiencing any symptoms. It continues to a symptomatic stage in which the person has opportunistic infections, HIV and Its Effects 3 andKaposis sarcoma, or any of the conditions previously used to define Arc, and the HIV-positive continuum ends with full-blown AIDS diagnosis (p.22). 2. What are the risks to getting HIV? According to Nash (1997) No one is safe if his or her behavior is not safe. You do not get HIV because of a group you belong to; you get HIV from exposure to the virus. HIV can be contracted through unprotected sex with an infected person, by sharing needles when using drugs, or by tattooing or piercing body parts with a needle that has been used on an infected person. (P 24). According to Draimin (1995) the four common most ways HIV can get into the  body, Dirty needles used to inject drugs, unprotected sexual intercourse, mother to fetus or new-born baby, and blood transfusion. (P.11) HIV is transferable through any kind of sexual contact: heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. The means of transferring the virus is unprotected sex. The safe guards against contracting HIV are to have sex only when you are ready, to know your partner, and to protect yourself from possible infection every time you have sex by using a condom. The HIV virus, like some other viruses cannot live outside the body. It is killed by air. HIV requires a warm, wet place to live and be carried only in blood, sexual fluids, and possibly saliva. Sexual transmission of HIV means that the virus goes from fluid to fluid (semen, vaginal, and blood). The virus has to pass from fluid to fluids to stay alive. (Pp25-26) 3. What is the History of HIV? HIV and Its Effects 4 Hyde and Forsyth (1 996) In 1981, when the first mysterious cases of an unusual type of pneumonia began to appear, scientists have accumulated a large body of knowledge about HIV. The first alarm sounded before aids even had a name, when doctors realized that some formerly rare diseases were becoming common among homosexual men in the United States. The first well-documented cases of what was later called AIDS were found in San Francisco and New York in 1981. A young gay man in San Francisco was found to be suffering from severe fungal infection to which he had little immune reaction. In fact, his immune system did not respond to any disease. Then he developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), a type of pneumonia that is caused by a parasite. This disease is usually found only in severely malnourished individuals or people whos immune have been impaired by drugs such as those used in treatment of cancer. (p.56) According to Nash (1997) In 1982, three non-drug -injecting heterosexual men with hemophilia A developed AIDS and were reported to CDC. Hemophilia A, a blood -clotting defect, requires transfusions of blood-clotting factors derived from whole blood. (p.29) In June 1981 the first report of what AIDS, published by CDC described the new disease as a collection of characteristics symptoms among various population groups. It was a narrow definition, involving the presence of one or more opportunistic infections or cancers, and signs that general failure of immune system had occurred. (Nash, 1997) 4 What is the treatment for HIV HIV and Its Effects 5 According to Nash (1997) AIDS symptoms typically takes years to develop after the initial infection.  Scientists are researching what they call immunotherapy. Vaccines to prevent or stop a disease from taking hold; immunotherapy intervenes before symptoms arise and rids the body of infection. Management drugs have come out such as; Azidothymidine (AZT), this is the first of its kind. It interferes with HIV reproduction inside the cell; it slows the process of AIDS down. An HIV- positive person who takes AZT before AIDS symptoms appear lives longer than those who did not. Dideoxycytidine (ddC) and dideoxyinosine (ddI) offer another approach to combine therapy. Death rates are lowered when ddC and ddI were taken in combination of ddC and AZT or ddI and AZT then those patients who took AZT alone. Ampligen-, which did not help the patients when administered, alone-used in combination with AZT increase the effectiveness of both drugs. Epivir (3TC) became the first new initial therapy since AZT. The combination therapy of 3TC and AZT lowered the amount of HIV in patients and boosted their immune system. Invirase (protease inhibitor) is designed to cripple an enzyme vital in late stages of HIV reproduction, which is used in combination of other anti-HIV drugs. They reduce the levels of the virus in some people and increase the number of immune cells in some patients previously depleted by the virus. In 1996 Ritonavir, another protease inhibitor was also approved. HIV and its effects on those we know and love are about learning to manage the illness. People need to practice safe sex and to and to pay attention to safe behavior. HIV and treatment have come along way. Medical science has along time to go before a cure. HIV and Its Effects 6 References Packer, K. (1998). HIV Infection The Facts You Need To Know. New York: Venture. Draimin, B. (1ed)(1995). Working Together Against AIDS. New York: The Rosen Publishing group. Nash, C. (1997). AIDSs Choice for life. Springfield, NJ: Enslow. : Hyde, M., Forsyth, E. (1996). AIDS What Does It Mean To You? New York: Walker.

An Analysis of the Poetry of Yeats :: Biography Biographies Essays

An Analysis of Down by the Salley Gardens One of Yeats' poems, Down by the Salley Gardens is a typical story of inexperienced youth in the realm of love. The final two lines hold the key to the theme of the poem: She bid me take life easy, as the grass grows on the weirs; But I was young and foolish, and now am full of tears. The poem is evidently about the relationship between the narrator and the woman with the "little snow-white feet†¢ and the narrator's failure to be able to cope with that relationship. Whilst she wanted to enjoy herself and "take life easy†¢, he was too "young and foolish†¢ to understand her needs, resulting in them going their separate ways, hence the ?nal line. Down by the Salley Gardens has a number of problems, probably due to it being written at an early point in Yeats' writing career. It lacks the subtlety of his later poems; there really is very little to analyze in terms of the themes and issues raised within. The language is also far simpler - there are no very memorable lines in this poem, whereas his later works contained lines that would eventually enter most people's collective unconscious, such as some of the first few lines of The Second Coming: Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;/Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The repetition used in the last two lines of each stanza is obvious and overstated, and the bouncy, cheerful rhyme scheme does not seem to compliment the rather downbeat and morose tone of the poem. Down by the Salley Gardens simply lacks the power and depth with which he later infused his poems. The Lake Isle of Innisfree Written only four years after Down by the Salley Gardens, The Lake Isle of Innisfree is a remarkable advance. This poem is far more sophisticated in all respects. An immediately noticeable difference between it and the previous poem is its maturity; the themes explored and the techniques used to do so are far more complex and detailed than those used in Down by the Salley Gardens. The central theme is that of exile, and it is portrayed in a somewhat curious way. The narrator longs to live on the island of Innisfree and be closer to nature, hence the lines:

The Box Tree Case

Strike always results to the loss of trust between the employer and striking workers. In the case of the Box Tree Restaurant, the workers went on strike after losing their trust on their former employer, Augustin Paege, who denied them of their commissions because he wanted to reduce his payroll expenses by $100,000. After the strike, these workers could be expected to hold back as far as trusting their employer is concerned. On the other hand, after what Baruch and her replacement employees went through at the hands of the striking workers, they are not expected either to easily trust the returning workers.The most critical job for Gila Baruch, therefore, if she wants to â€Å"restore the once sterling reputation† of Box Tree, is to rebuild trust among all parties concerned. (Corsun, Young, & Shinnar, n. d. ) The situation, however, is not hopeless. Rebuilding trust is still possible. But they should do several things urgently. First, everybody should resort to â€Å"self-ac ceptance. † This means that they should learn to accept who they are and be secured in their identity so that they could develop trust in others. (Messina, n. d.) For instance, Baruch should accept the fact that if not for the strike she would not end up owning a promising business. The replacement workers are on the same boat as Baruch. They have the strikers to thank for their jobs. If not for the strike, there would not have been any vacancy in the restaurant for them to fill. In addition, they should not forget that they, too, are workingmen like the strikers and as such, want to be fairly compensated for their time and effort – exactly what the strikers wanted in the first place.Finally, the returning strikers should be aware that they are also indebted to Baruch and the replacement workers who made it possible for the Box Tree to stay in operation in spite of the work stoppage that they tried to instigate. Without them, the restaurant would have collapsed, they wo uld have completely lost their jobs, and then their strike would have been an exercise in futility. Once they accept who they are and what the strike has done for their benefits, they should be able to trust each other because their livelihood, in fact, clearly depends on one another.Another way by which trust could be rebuilt is for everybody to work hard for the establishment of â€Å"a healing environment. † This means that Baruch, the replacement workers, and the returning strikers should adopt a â€Å"healing mode† which will enable everybody to employ â€Å"forgiveness, understanding, and healthy communication to resolve problems and issues. † Once they are in this mode, they would be able to forget the insults and the animosities during the strike and heal the wounds they created, thereby allowing for an atmosphere conducive for the rebuilding of trust.(Messina, n. d. ) They, particularly the replacement workers and the returning strikers, should also str ive for a â€Å"reduction of a sense of competition. † In other words, they should do away with their jealousies and stop being defensive with one another. Instead, everybody should start cooperating for the common good. (Messina, n. d. ) The replacement workers, specifically, should not make a big thing out of the seniority status afforded the returning strikers and instead accept the fact that they joined the company at a much later time.The affected parties should likewise â€Å"let go of their fear. † Fear is such a restricting feeling which impedes people from behaving normally and objectively towards one another. A person who fears another for any reason could never trust that person. (Messina, n. d. ) The replacement workers, for instance, should not feel threatened by the return of the strikers. They should find security in Baruch’s desire â€Å"to reward [their] hard work and loyalty† during the strike. (Corsun, Young, & Shinnar, n. d.) The retur ning workers, on the other hand, should not be afraid that Baruch will be treating them with suspicion because of what they did. They should instead show Baruch that they mean no harm for her and the restaurant and that their only reason for returning to their jobs was to resume working and continue earning for their families. Reference Corsun, D. L. , Young, C. A. & Shinnar, R. S. (n. d. ). The Box Tree. Order #32096240 attachment. Messina, J. J. (n. d. ). Building Trust. Retrieved October 10, 2007 from http://www. coping. org/growth/trust. htm

Unit four: Principles of supporting change in a business environment Essay

Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 3 pages and is made up of 3 Sections. Name: Andrea Ecsegi Section 1: Why change happens This section will help you to evidence Learning Outcome 1: Understand why change happens in a business environment. Learning objective Place in Assessment 1.1 Explain reasons for change in a business environment Question 1 Page 1 1. Explain why change happens in a business environment. You should include at least three reasons in your answer. [1.1] Change in business environment are become very important, without it they can’t keep up with the demands of the customers/clients as their needs, expectations and requirements are changing frequently and quickly. Consequences of not making any changes can cause loss of customers, business failure or in some cases even breaking the law. We can speak about two  different kind of changes: reactive and proactive changes. The reactive changes are responding to external influences. PEST contains the four main factors of these: political, economical, social and technological. Proactive changes are made as a result of internal demands by a desire to make the business more effective. Some of the reasons can be to lower waste and costs, launch a new product or upgrade IT equipment. Section 2: Supporting change This section will help you to evidence Learning Outcome 2: Understand the purpose of supporting change in a business environment. Learning objective Place in Assessment 2.1 Identify reasons for reviewing working methods, products or services Question 1 Page 2 2.2 Describe types of support that people may need during change Question 2a Page 2 2.3 Explain the benefits of working with others during change Question 2b Page 2 1. Identify the main reasons for reviewing working methods, products and / or services in a business environment. [2.1] In the business environment everything is always changing therefore it is really important to review working methods, products and/or services from time to time. An organisation may want to review its products/services to make sure it still meets with the customers’ requirements and expectations thus they can stay competitive, efficient and productive. Reviewing the working methods can be really useful if the business is not happy with its performance or just simply want to improve and develop. 2. When a business is going through change: a) Describe the different types of support that people may need. [2.2] Some of the people can find changes hard to accept, they can become stressed. These type of people need extra support and help to get use to the new changes. The most common types of support includes: Effective planning: helps to avoid confusion and confrontation. Participation: sometimes staff have opportunity to take part in changes therefore they can feel more comfortable with it. Clear communication, explanations and expectations: gives clarity to employees about the changes will occur, how this will affect their job and why this have to be made. Encouragement: the manager’s behaviour can help to the staff to adapt the changes more easily, they need to be friendly and helpful. Training or retraining: changes in work methods, products and/or services can require training or retraining to get the skills employees might need to keep up with changes and stay effective. Counselling or coaching: support from trained professionals who have experience of helping people to adopt changes. b) Explain the benefits of working with others. [2.3] For employees it can be difficult to accept changes, they might get anxious and stressed. If people are working together they can help each other, talk about problems, share their experience and support each other. Section 3: Responding to change This section will help you to evidence Learning Outcome 3: Understand how to respond to change in a business environment. Learning objective Place in Assessment 3.1 Explain the purpose of responding positively to changes in working methods, products or services Question 1a Page 3 Question 1b Page 3 3.2 Identify ways of responding positively to change Question 1c Page 3 1. In relation to your current business environment (or one that you are familiar with): a) Explain why you should respond positively to changes in working methods. [3.1] Changes in working methods are usually happening to improve and speed up the working process. A positive can-do attitude will result good relationships with others and helps to learn faster and easier. If I resist and don’t accept the new way I should do my job this will generate conflicts and will bring stress to my workplace, others may have to do my work again because it’s not appropriate and also I might slow down the workflow what can result serious problems in the restaurant regarding to customers as well. b) Explain why you should respond positively to changes in products or services. [3.1] Customers’ requirements are always changing and we always have to give the best service/products – we have to make sure these are suitable and efficient – thus changes occur often. If I don’t adopt the change what have been made to serve customers better they might not meet with their needs and will leave the restaurant to find another better place. It is very important to keep up with customers’ demands and market innovations in a restaurant as you can find loads of them especially in central London. c) Identify ways of responding positively to change. [3.2] Employers are looking for people who are willing to change, happy to improve their skills. If I resist and I’m not willing to keep up with improvements I can lose my job as a result people don’t want to work with a passive employee. The most important ways how to respond to changes: Willingness to learn: understand that to learn new skills will serve us on our carrier. Willingness to teach: sharing the information and skills with others will help them to adopt changes. Willingness to solve problems: these  kind of people are looking for solutions and not waiting for others. Employers prefer to employ these type of people. Maintaining a positive outlook: have a happy and can-do attitude. Enjoying the chance to change and adapt: looking at changes as something good and beneficial Once you have completed all 3 Sections of this Assessment, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your work to your tutor for marking.

Gun Control Essays (1597 words) - Gun Politics In The United States

Gun Control Essays (1597 words) - Gun Politics In The United States Gun Control : The failure of Gun Control Laws Americans are faced with an ever-growing problem of violence. Our streets have become a battleground where the elderly are beaten for their social security checks, where terrified women are viciously attacked and raped, where teenage gangster shoot it out for a patch of turf to sell their illegal drugs, and where innocent children are caught daily in the crossfire of drive-by shootings. We cannot ignore the damage that these criminals are doing to our society, and we must take actions to stop these horrors. However, the efforts by some misguided individuals to eliminate the legal ownership of firearms does not address the real problem at hand, and simply disarms the innocent law abiding citizens who are most in need of a form of self-defense. To fully understand the reasons behind the gun control efforts, we must look at the history of our country, and the role firearms have played in it. The second amendment to the Constitution of the United States makes firearm ownership legal in this country. There were good reasons for this freedom, reasons which persist today. Firearms in the new world were used initially for hunting, and occasionally for self-defense. However, when the colonist felt that the burden of British oppression was too much for them to bear, they picked up their personal firearms and went to war. Standing against the British armies, these rebels found themselves opposed by the greatest military force in the world at that time. The 18th century witnessed the height of the British Empire, but the rough band of colonial freedom fighters discovered the power on the Minuteman, the average American gun owner. These Minuteman, so named because they would pick up their personal guns and jump to the defense of their country on a minutes notice, served a major part in winning the American Revolution. The founding fathers of the country understood that an armed populace was instrumental in fighting off oppression, and they made the right to keep and bear arms a constitutionally guaranteed right(The Gunin American 14-25)Over the years, some of the reasons for owning firearms have changed. As our country grow into a strong nation, we expanded westward, exploring the wilderness, and building new towns on the frontier. Typically, these new towns were far away from the centers of civilization, and the only law they had was dispensed by townsfolk through the barrel of a gun. Crime existed, but could be minimized when the townspeople fought back against the criminals. Eventually, these organized townspeople developed police forces as their towns grew in size. Fewer people carried their firearms on the street, but the firearms were always there, ready to be used in self-defense(27-39) It was after the Civil War that the first gun-control advocates came into existence. These southern leaders who were afraid that the newly freed black slaves would assert their newfound political rights, and these leaders wanted to make it easier to oppress the free blacks(41) This oppression was accomplished by passing laws making it illegal in many places or black people to own firearms. With that effort, they assured themselves that the black population would be subject to their control, and world not have the ability to fight back. At the same time, the people who were most intent on denying black people their basic rights walked around with their firearms, making it impossible to resist their efforts. An unarmed man stands little chance against and armed one, and these armed men saw their plans work completely. It was a full century before the civil rights activists of the 1960s were able to restore the constitutional freedoms that blacks in this country were granted in the 1860s(46). Todays gun control activists are a slightly different breed. They claim that gun violence in this country has gotten to a point where something must be done to stop it. They would like to see criminals disarmed, and they want the random violence to stop(Edel 77). I agree with their sentiments. However, they are going about it in the wrong way. While claiming that they want to take guns out of the hands of criminals, they work to pass legislation that world take the guns out of the hands of law abiding citizens instead. For this reason the efforts at gun control do not address the real problem of crime. The simple definition of a criminal is someone who does not obey the law. The simple definition of a law abiding

Revival of Chikankari Essays

Revival of Chikankari Essays Revival of Chikankari Essay Revival of Chikankari Essay Lucknow is a lovely old city, a city of old gardens and palaces, fine architectural conceits mosques, temples and aging monuments, a city so favoured by European travelers once upon a time, that it was popularly called ‘the Constantinople of the East’. It has a great deal of historicity. It is synonymous with architectural elegance, cultural finesse, social warmth and an enduring love for gracious living. Lucknow also has the distinction of being today, the cusp of a very beautiful, very aesthetic form of white floral embroidery, unique to this geographical location. Chikankari, that has been practiced in Lucknow for almost more than two hundred years. Chikancraft is rooted in antiquity. The history of chikankari is richly anecdotal Some historians opine, that Chikan is a Persian craft as the word ‘Chikan’ is probably a derivative from the Persian word ‘Chikin’ or Chakeen which means a kind of embroidered fabric. Although the origins of Chikancraft, remain shrouded in the mists of time,but we can say with some justification that it gained a meaningful presence in Lucknow and its surrounding areas sometime during the late18th and early 19th century when it was brought to the Lakhnawi courts of the nawabs. It was patronized by the self-indulgent, pleasure-loving nawabs, favoured by local rajahs, sultans and zamindars and became a very intrinsic part of Lakhnawi grace and culture. Abdul Halim Sharar, in his book, Lucknow; The Last Phase of an Oriental Culture gives a very graphic description of male attire and specifically mentions the presence of chikan. According to him the people of Lucknow, ‘covered their heads with chau goshia, topi’s of chikan work, their bodies with angarkhas, their legs with wide pyjamas, and over their shoulders they draped scarves or cummerbands (sashes). For the ladies, chikankari was used to adorn Lehengas and odhnis (long skirts and veils), kurtas and angarkhas (Tunics), prayer cloths and scarves of light muslin or tulle. Ensembles of the most incredible beauty were created with this subtle white on white embroidery, translating its very simplicity into an exotic fashion statement. . This was the accepted fashion of the upper classes and elegant people in Lucknow. Chikancraft did not limit itself to garments alone. Chikan was basically a way of life. It permeated the court and entered the homes and domestic life of the people. It could satisfy the fashionable as well as the domestic instinct . It shifted from garments to the domestic line seamlessly. The Lakhnawis used chikan to grace their homes in the form of bedspreads, pillowcovers, palanquin, curtains, tablecovers, drapes, runners, mats, napkins, tray and tea-cozy covers. Chikan craft has a few characteristics Fabric fine muslin, semi-translucent, very fine white cotton or alike. Threads fine untwisted cotton or tussah silk and today rayon. Embroidery pulled work, shadow work: exquisite delicacy of detail. Designs flowing scrolls with creepers, flowers and leaves and never geometric. Stitches each has its own chikan name, with strict definitions of use. Similar to back stitch, satin, stem, chain, eyelet, pulled fabric stitches. Earlier Chikankari used the finest of white cotton fabric called muslin or mulmul. , as the base material for the production of good chikan embroidery. There were two/three categories of fine, white fabric that are used for chikancraft, namely Addhi, Tanzeb and Girant. Out went the voiles and mulmuls and the pastel shades and came voile, organza, polyester, chiffon, viscose, georgette, polyester georgette, cotton crepe tussars and silk that exhibit the Chikan Work in symphony with the traditional and western designs and styles. Its not just chikan work on fabrics like cotton, but experimentation, the order of the day, has enhanced basic chikan with more detailing- with zardozi, crystals and so on. Today, there a handful of craftsmen and women who practice the true chikankari, but they are almost a vanishing breed. After independence, the U. P. Government tried to revive Chikancraft by setting up government schemes and government centers where chikan is taught, free material made available, infrastructural facilities provided free of cost and finally the product marketed by the government agencies so that the chikanworker would benefit economically and chikan itself would improve qualitativelyThe central and state government is now making valiant efforts to sustain their craft by opening workshops where chikankars are trained to produce quality work, if not exactly reproduce the earlier aesthetic glory of chikancraft. Several branding exercises are being done for the famous chikan fabric of Lucknow to make it more appealing and to promote it in the national international market. A special chikan website, ramp shows, online chikan trade fairs, buyer-seller meet, use of information technology to create virtual sample and shop-in-shop at leading retail chains are the tools that would be included in this branding exercise. Sta te government organizations like the U. P. Export Corporation and the U. P. Handicraft Board are trying to ensure fair wages to the chikan workers, and prevent the exploitation of the chikankar but their efforts do not cover the entire gamut of the chikan workforce. There are other agencies, like SEWA, the Self Employed Women’s Association,who have played a major role in reorganizing chikancraft and giving it a new life force and direction In the last twentyfive years the central and state government has made a conscious effort to revive chikancraft. It has done tremendous work to organize the chikan work force, ensure good wages and encourage praoper marketing and ultimately produce a good quality chikan. Chikancraft now has a global presence, albeit a very slender one. It requires a great deal of economic interest and economic thrust to metamorphose it from a small but significant cottage industry into a commercially viable international enterprise. Chikankari stages a revival in a contemporary designer avatar as whites and pastels make way for fruity hues and bold motifs on garments ranging from pants to kimonos and corsets to sherwanis chikan work is drawing a wider clientele. Now chikan is no more a casual wear but is also found in a wide variety of formal wears. Be it any kind of gathering amongst the young restless and chikan is the most selective style, as many top designers are involved in reviving chikankari. They have managed to give chikan global recognition and acceptance; Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla, Rina Dhaka and Vivek Narang have all contributed to the transformation of ordinary chikan into a fashion statement. Now that chikan has a designer stamp and has lit up the lamp, it is been increasingly seen on college campuses and in offices too. Bright ruity color with white embroidery over singlets are very popular with collegians. It is also making an appearance on high-end garments in stores like Harrods and Selfridges where it is labelled Indian lace. Says designer Tarun Tahiliani Chikancraft has a global presence, albeit a very slender one. The art of using chikan is no longer restricted to Indian fashion, The past two years have seen a surge in demand in both the domestic and overseas market, says Vijay Kumar Kapoor, vice-preside nt, Lucknow Chikan Handicraft Association. The contemporary usage of chikan has also done away with traditional shades and several such designs are being supplied to all parts of India, Germany, the US and the Gulf where it is positioned in high-end stores as kaftans. It requires a great deal of economic interest and economic thrust to metamorphose it from a small but significant cottage industry into a commercially viable international enterprise,

3 Problems of Parallel Structure

3 Problems of Parallel Structure 3 Problems of Parallel Structure 3 Problems of Parallel Structure By Mark Nichol Faulty combination of elements in sentences is a common syntactical flaw. Here are three examples of this type of organizational error. 1. â€Å"She is bright, creative, and has much to share.† This sentence, in which the predicate includes two adjectives following a verb, then a conjunction and a verb phrase, is out of balance. The subject is credited with three attributes, and they must share one verb, or each must have its own verb. The sentence initially appears to follow the former rule, but then another verb appears. The only way to maintain this structure is to combine bright and creative into a single item: â€Å"She is bright and creative and has much to share.† (Note that the comma after creative is no longer necessary.) Alternatively, creative could be assigned its own verb, but it and the final phrase would require a proprietary repetition of the pronoun as well: â€Å"She is bright, she is creative, and she has much to share.† 2. â€Å"We’ve saved a lot of money by using less paper, less water, less energy, and by creating less waste.† Savings have occurred thanks to two factors: 1) use of less paper, water, and energy and 2) less production of waste; this sentence fails to structure this description correctly. The list of three items is distinct from the second element of the sentence, so it must include a conjunction between the second and third items: â€Å"We’ve saved a lot of money by using less paper, less water, and less energy and by creating less waste.† (Note also that because â€Å"less energy† is no longer mistakenly regarded as the penultimate item in a list of four things, no comma is necessary after the phrase.) 3. â€Å"His positive energy and willingness to work hard on every assignment is key to his success.† When two nouns separated by a conjunction follow an adjective, the adjective generally applies to both nouns, but here, positive applies only to energy, so the pronoun must be repeated before willingness to clarify that â€Å"positive willingness† is not implied: â€Å"His positive energy and his willingness to work hard on every assignment is key to his success.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Is She a "Lady" or a "Woman"?â€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†Continue and "Continue on"

Audit and Internal Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Audit and Internal Control - Essay Example There are no hard and fast rules for auditing, which can be prescribed for all the countries. These rules can be different for different countries according to their needs and cultural settings. According to ICAEW (2002) with all the contrasts present in the rules and regulations of different countries emphasis is given to generic auditing principles of responsibility, accountability, transparency and fairness. "Inventory controls are designed to ensure the safe custody. Such controls include restriction of access documentation and authorisation of movements regular Independent inventory counting and review of Inventory condition." (BPP, 2008) Recording of Inventory: In order to effectively control the Inventory on the basis of book inventory it is important to segregate the duties of custody and recording of inventory. It is important to check if the pair of shoes are checked and recorded at their reception. Inventory issues are supported by appropriate documentation. It is also important to maintain Inventory records such as Inventory ledger, Bin cards and Transfer records. The physical counts of the inventory should be recon ciliated with the computed amounts. The transactions having high values should be analyzed. The inventory items should be divided into different divisions according to group, location, type, etc. The inventory age should be calculated by the date of receipt. The sales transactions should be checked according to the prices, quantities, extension and totals in the sales register. There is not any evidence of issuing the invoices to the customers. The sales transactions should also be checked according to the sequential numbers of blank invoices and regular sequential checks. The sample of the inventory movement records should be taken and cross checked with the goods received and dispatched according to the

Employment Law and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employment Law and Practice - Essay Example In unfair dismissal claims costs are rarely recoverable. By contrast,  it is reverse a successful employer or employee may recover legal costs in a wrongful dismissal claim in the normal civil courts. 2 The method of how compensation is to be calculated is also different. In wrongful dismissal claims, the measure of damages is calculated upon comparing the employee in such a position they would have been in had they received payment for the proper notice to which they were eligible under their contract. In unfair dismissal claims, the calculation is based on the basic award based on a mathematical formula, and also includes a compensatory award, which will usually encompass loss extending beyond the end of the notice period. A dismissal can be both wrongful and unfair at the same time, so compensation paid by the employer for wrongful dismissal will usually be set off against the compensatory award granted of an unfair dismissal award. 3 Another important difference is that in wrongful dismissal cases  the employer can rely on facts, which he finds out or gets; intimation after the employee has been dismissed (see Boston Deep Sea Fishing v Ansell [1888] 4. In unfair dismissal cases, what is the important factor to be taken into account is that the employer knew at the time the employee was dismissed. The difference between the concepts of unfair dismissal and wrongful dismissal can be illustrated by example where an employer has dismissed an employee who has committed a breach of contract, example can be, an act of gross misconduct which occurs in respect to the heart for the contract. In a wrongful dismissal claim, the employee will not be entitled to pay in respect or lieu of notice or notice pay at all, here as the employee has broken the contract and cannot therefore rely on it to claim notice pay. With an unfair dismissal claim, the employer

Global Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Global Leadership - Essay Example Coffee exporting possibilities range from exporting raw beans, roasted product, packaged products as well as fast moving consumer products (Such as coffee ready to drink). Although there is already a significant coffee production infrastructure it is my opinion that the market is worth entering. The Coffee association of Canada (2003) indicated that coffee is among the most popular beverage choices in Canada with over 81% of Canadian adults drinking coffee on an occasional basis and over 63% of Canadians drinking coffee daily. Building on this previous point, Agri-Food Canada (2010) indicated that coffee makes up approximately 16% of all non-alcoholic beverage sales in the Canadian market. Source: Agriculture and Agri Food Canada. It was further indicated that average coffee consumption is approximately 2.6 cups a day which exceeds the relative frequency of the United States. Moreover Canadians consume coffee through a number of different channels, home made, at work, through special ty shops discount coffee retailers. By the shear presence of major specialty coffee shops such as Starbucks, Second Cup etc. and major discount retailers such as Tim Hortons or the coffee shop it is apparent that Canadian consumers are familiar with coffee and as such will not need to be educated as consumers on how to consumer coffee.

Chinese Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinese Values - Essay Example Wisdom is virtues that enable one differentiate wrong from right. According to Confucius, wisdom understands other people. To love other people you must have a loving heart and to understand others you must have the wisdom to enable them to differentiate the good from evil this will help them promote good and control evil in the society. The Chinese leaders who had wisdom lead society to success.Honesty instills integrity, credibility, and trustworthiness. Businesses, which operated, honestly achieved the best. Loyalty to the motherland, family, and friends in terms of offering services faithfully. Protecting country and family is a sign of one’s loyalty. Filial piety is respect, especially to the elders. In Chinese culture, burial of elders was the duty of the young they believed in nurturing the young and caring for the old (Hsia). All these values have been incorporated in Chinas diplomacy, and since it worked wonders in Chinese society, the whole world must embrace these v alues to establish a mutually tolerant and universally embraceable world order. Unity in diversity is brought about by harmony. A harmonious person chooses to live harmoniously with others. For peaceful coexistence, one must choose to respect other territories and powers and chose never to interfere in other countries internal affairs. A harmonious person believes in equality and mutual benefit from each other. These principles have been employed by most countries due to the peaceful China.

Embracing the Concept of Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Embracing the Concept of Democracy - Essay Example The intent of this paper is to lucidly determine these changes that were deemed to embrace the concept of democracy, and whether they actually achieved their intended purpose as expressed by the response of the people. An incident that can be viewed as the genesis of the Russian transformation is the defeat in the Crimean War. It resulted in the sought of scenarios where individuals reassess their own status so as to forge a route forward. Russia has expected to win the war with ease seeing that it had the largest army in Europe but overlooked the morale of the soldiers to fight. The defeat opened channels for reassessments, which were mainly carried out in the 1860s and came to be commonly referred to as the Great Reforms. Realizing the underbelly of the army and the possibility of being attacked in the future, Alexander II initiated a number of reforms.1 One aspect to Russia that stood up in the Crimean War as compared to its enemies was that the country still practised serfdom. The enemies disliked this fact about Russia and Alexander II saw this as an opportunity to commence the reforms that would transform Russia. Ending selfdom was a move supported by the liberal intellectual in the country, but fiercely contested by the landowners. In 1861, Alexander II pushed forward to end the practice, and the country was one of the last to do so in the European continent. â€Å"The new democracy,† as Pobedonostsev refers to it, is nonetheless questionable as it still left so many in suffering whilst it was supposed to do the opposite. 2 As a result of the liberation of the peasants, there was a surge in the number of citizens in the local governments. The peasants now had a voice that was recognized by the government, and this required it to be embedded into the government itself. Initially, the local government was run by the sole representation of the landlords who were viewed in turn as representatives of their serfs. A new form of government referred to as the zemstvos were put into place, it required fair elections to be conducted. Pobedonostsev cites this form of government as ’a fatal error, and one of the most remarkable in the history of mankind.  Ã‚  

Chinese Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinese Values - Essay Example Wisdom is virtues that enable one differentiate wrong from right. According to Confucius, wisdom understands other people. To love other people you must have a loving heart and to understand others you must have the wisdom to enable them to differentiate the good from evil this will help them promote good and control evil in the society. The Chinese leaders who had wisdom lead society to success.Honesty instills integrity, credibility, and trustworthiness. Businesses, which operated, honestly achieved the best. Loyalty to the motherland, family, and friends in terms of offering services faithfully. Protecting country and family is a sign of one’s loyalty. Filial piety is respect, especially to the elders. In Chinese culture, burial of elders was the duty of the young they believed in nurturing the young and caring for the old (Hsia). All these values have been incorporated in Chinas diplomacy, and since it worked wonders in Chinese society, the whole world must embrace these v alues to establish a mutually tolerant and universally embraceable world order. Unity in diversity is brought about by harmony. A harmonious person chooses to live harmoniously with others. For peaceful coexistence, one must choose to respect other territories and powers and chose never to interfere in other countries internal affairs. A harmonious person believes in equality and mutual benefit from each other. These principles have been employed by most countries due to the peaceful China.

Accounting Ethical Issues of American International Group Case Study

Accounting Ethical Issues of American International Group - Case Study Example AIG is a company with strong financials, respected the world over for its financial might, but this controversy resulted in a lot of its energy and resources being diverted towards undoing the charges. What began as an investigation into two reinsurance transactions later mushroomed into a growing scandal that tarnished the reputation of one of America's premier corporations. On Mar. 30, AIG acknowledged that it had improperly accounted for the reinsurance transaction to bolster reserves, and detailed numerous other examples of problematic accounting. Subsequently the company took corrective measures and fortunately for investors, employees and other stakeholders in many countries, continues to conduct all its operations smoothly, unlike ENRON, WorldCom and some other companies. While these companies appeared to have had flawed business models and hid the real and rapidly deteriorating financial conditions, at AIG it appears to have taken place on account of some wrong practices. AIG is once again on course to have an important impact on social and economic development issues, infrastructure investment, education, and training etc.  In fact, this is not the first time that AIG is stuck up in controversies. Nature and scale might be smaller but AIG has had a taste of controversies earlier as well. In 2004, the insurer paid $126 million in fines to the Securities & Exchange Commission and Justice Dept. for deals it structured for outside clients that allegedly violated insurance accounting rules, although AIG admitted no wrongdoing. The company also came under the glare of New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer for its role in bid-rigging with broker Marsh & McLennan Cos., which led to the ouster of Hanks son Jeffrey as CEO there. AIG admitted no wrongdoing, but two of its executives pleaded guilty and had to leave the company. In this era of cut-throat competition, such issues keep cropping up involving many big names.

Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Essay Example for Free

Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Essay The difference between the patron-client and bureaucratic model is based on who is appointed the leader. The organization is based on trust and loyalty similar to the family. The main role as a patron-client is to show leadership by providing financial assistance and safety for the client. The client returns the favor by acting out different duties coming from the patron. The patron-client has the advantage because they are the sole providers for all communication for the client. Income is providing from executing from murders, thefts, frauds and drug trafficking. The patron client dominates a particular location for his organization. The group is also connected with police officers who are specialized in criminal operatives. The bureaucratic model is more focus on setting goals. Bureaucratic have a higher clientele but are selective with who is inducted into their group. All orders come from the boss in order to execute the next chain of events. The most important operation in the business is hierarchy. In order for the plan to be successful, all members must fully understand their role. This process is crucial for the structure to the organization and the members. The members must be able to carry out the task. If a step was missed by a member, they will eliminate from the project. The organization cannot afford for their hard work to be flush down the drain because an associate could not be trusted. Weber’s and Taylor’s models of the bureaucratic theory are most effective when used for larger events. Once a plan is started the bureaucratic should be introduced in order to control all lines of communication and any rules that were initially set. The patron-client is more decentralized and does not require control over unit members. Parton-clients are more favorable in social networks because there not fully involved with the plan. Bureaucratic model are vulnerable to cops  because upper management is stricter. The patron-client provides information for the job. For instance, the investigator will provide the client information so the whereabouts will not be an issue making the job easier to perform. In conclusion, each model has its expression of criminal cooperation with different socioeconomic conditions and law enforcement strategies to avoid media attention. Crime groups are broken down into different characteristics. Members of organized crime groups normally attack public officials and law enforcement agents. . Understanding organized crime is important because it gives the government the ability to know how they work so can be bought to a stop. References Connor, O. (2012). Organized Crime Investigation. Retrieved from http:// http://www.drtomoconnor.com/3220lect07a.htm/ Mallory, S. (2007). Understanding Organized Crime. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers

Donor-transmitted Melanoma Case Study

Donor-transmitted Melanoma Case Study Lakshmi Rangaswamy, D.O., Kim Jordan, MD., FACP, Ronald deAndrade, MD Introduction Organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk of developing malignancy, estimated to occur in 15-20% of graft recipients after 10 years. Most malignancies occur de novo or as recurrence of previously treated disease, related to immunosuppression and oncogenic viruses. Donor-transmitted tumors are rare. From 1994 – 2001, the US Transplant tumor registry reported 18 donor-related cancers in 108,062 recipients. Case Presentation History A 66-year-old female presents with abdominal fullness, fevers, chills and malaise for 1 week’s time. Admitted to transplant service to rule out rejection. Past Medical History End Stage Renal Disease status post cadaveric renal transplant 3 months prior Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 -Anemia of chronic disease Social History: No tobacco, alcohol, or drug abuse Medications: (do I really need strength and frequency?) Amlodipine 10 mg daily Aspirin 81 mg daily Bactrim 160 mg daily Carvedilol 25 mg twice daily Clotrimazole 10 mg troche three times daily Insulin Lispro 10 units with meals Lantus 20 units in AM Myofortic 360 mg 2 tablets twice daily Prednisone 10 mg daily Tacrolimus 2mg twice daily Valcyte 450 mg 2 tablets daily Physical exam VITALS: T 100.1, BP 133/60, HR 71, Resp 18, SpO2 99% on RA, nonoliguric Neck: no lymphadenopathy, no carotid bruits Cardiovascular: regular rate and rhythm, no clicks, gallops, rubs, no lower extremity edema Lungs: clear to auscultation bilaterally, no rales or wheezes Abdomen: soft, well healed Gibson incision in RLQ, no graft tenderness, no organomegaly Skin: no rashes or lesions noted on skin Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies (insert images) WBC 3.94 K/mcl; Hgb 9.8 g/dL (patient’s baseline); platelets 104 K/mcl LDH 747 U/L Creatinine 1.72 mg/dL on the day of admission (baseline 1.02 two months prior, after transplant). During the hospital course, her renal failure worsened with creatinine reaching 8.08 mg/dL and patient requiring intermittent hemodialysis CT of the abdomen with contrast and PET scan Findings compatible with metastatic disease to the liver, spleen, bones, and probably lungs. MRI Abdomen/pelvis A few indeterminate T1 and T2 hyperintense lesions in the periphery of the transplant kidney, suspicious for neoplasm. Innumerable bone marrow and splenic lesions, suspicious for hemorrhagic metastasis MRI of brain Diffuse bony metastases, no signs of intraparenchymal metastasis PET: Positive for multiple lesions in the transplant kidney, bone, and spleen. CT guided Bone marrow biopsy: Metastatic malignant neoplasm, quite consistent with metastatic malignant melanoma **Within days of patient’s admission, it was discovered that the recipient of the liver from the same donor developed melanoma within the transplanted liver and the recipient of the mate kidney had developed melanoma in the renal allograft. **The transplant center reported no known history of donor melanoma and normal visual inspection of donor organs at time of transplant. Clinical Course Patient elected to undergo allograft nephrectomy. Surgical pathology of removed donor kidney confirmed malignant melanoma that was BRAF-V600E mutation positive (insert histo slide of melanoma in kidney) Patient was taken off of all immunosuppressive therapy and was started on chemotherapy with zelboraf and immunotherapy with ipilimumab (completed 4 months of zelboraf and 4 cycles of ipilimumab) Patient currently off of chemotherapy, and undergoes repeat imaging every month. At 6 months, CT body from 6 months â€Å"demonstrates basically stable disease.† This patient is now undergoing hemodialysis for her end stage renal disease The two other recipients died from metastatic melanoma found in the transplanted liver and renal allograft; this patient is the sole survivor of the transplanted melanoma. Transmission of melanoma by organ transplantation (VIPER) Not only is melanoma the most common fatal form of skin cancer, it is the most common tumor responsible for donor-derived malignancy. The late disease recurrence of melanoma is related to the dormancy of melanoma. Major theories for the dormancy of melanoma include cell-cycle arrest and blocked angiogenesis. Per Lancet article entitled â€Å"Transmission of donor melanoma by organ transplantation,† late recurrence of dormant melanoma can occur because of micrometastases or solitary dormant cells. Dormant micrometastasis occurs because of the inability for angiogenesis; therefore there is an equilibrium between cell proliferation and apoptosis and thus an inability of malignant cell growth. In dormant solitary cells, there is an absence of proliferation or apoptosis, in essence a pause in cell growth. Because of these theories, it is possible that these dormant cells stay latent in immunocompetent individuals for decades and even forever, but the immunosuppression of the organ recipient can reactivate the melanoma cells. Transplantation for end-stage organ disease has become routine care with resultant increased demand for donor organs. With increased public awareness and donor pool expansion, many transplant programs are easing criteria for selection by accepting older donors and those with remote history of low-grade skin cancers and/or remote â€Å"cured cancers.† A recent study reported 23 cases of donor-transmitted melanoma from 12 separate donors between 1972 and 2006. Only 2 donors had known history of melanoma and one case of fatal melanoma occurred from a donor who had surgically removed melanoma sixteen years prior to donation. History of melanoma remains a contraindication to organ donation given melanoma high transmission rate of 74% and mortality of 58%. Treatment of donor-related melanoma involves withdrawing immunosuppression and allowing the body to reject the transplanted organ, followed by explantation of the allograft carrying the melanoma cells. Summary Melanoma incidence in the general population is increasing, but whether this will translate into increased incidence of donor-transmitted melanoma and resultant increased mortality remains to be determined. Physicians must not only discuss risks of malignancy with transplant candidates, but also carefully question all donors and their family about recent and remote malignancy, particularly melanoma, given its high transmission rate and mortality. Patients with any history of melanoma, whether it be in the early stages or cured, showed not be considered as organ donors. References Geller, A.,et al (2013). Melanoma Epidemic: An Analysis of Six Decades of Data From the Connecticut Tumor Registry.Journal of Clinical Oncology,31, 4172-4178. Geller, A.,et al (2014). Screening and early detection of melanoma. Retrieved January 1,  2014, from http://www.uptodate.com/ Morris-Stiff, G.,et al (2004). Transmission of Donor Melanoma to Multiple Organ  Transplant Recipients.American Journal of Transplantation,10, 444-446. Strauss, D. (2010). Transmission of donor melanoma by organ transplantation. Lancet  Oncology, 11, 790-796. Retrieved from www.thelancet.com/oncology

Commentary on the poem Night of the Scorpion Essay examples -- English

Commentary on the poem Night of the Scorpion Commentary The poem â€Å"Night of the Scorpion†, written by Nissin Ezekiel has an interesting contrast of good and bad hidden within it (an essence of equality). The poet has made the mother’s experience of getting bitten by a scorpion sound very painful and endless. The poet has conveyed this by using some descriptive language. E.g. â€Å"May the poison purify your flesh of desire, and your spirit of ambition†. This poem which was written by the first person, has other techniques such as; alliteration – â€Å"I watched the flame feeding on my mother†; tone of voice (short sentences giving a tense atmosphere) – â€Å"My father, sceptic, rationalist, trying every excuse and blessing†. In addition, the narrator gives the impression that everyone was concerned about his mother getting bitten. â€Å"More candles, more lanterns, more neighbours†¦ They sat around the floor with my mother in the centre†. From this passage, it seems that everyone trying to support her and getting rid of the pain that the horrible sting had caused. Although, ...

Sustainability Through Dendro Powered Electricity Generation Environmental Sciences Essay

Long-run GHG and local pollutants decreaseThe undertaking will ensue in coevals of power of 14,000 MWh at an one-year 80 % works capacity use factor utilizing sustainably produced fuelwood. This will displace an tantamount volume of electricity that would otherwise be generated by dodo fuel based thermic power workss and fed into the Sri Lanka national grid. Harmonizing to the long- term coevals program of the CEB, electricity demand is turning at an mean one-year rate of 7 – 8 % . Due to societal, economic and environmental impacts associated with the development, farther development of large-scale hydro resources is going progressively hard. The CEB forecasts thermic power coevals capacity to increase its 2005 degree of 1266 MW to a mark degree of 4,230 MW in 2019. The bing thermic workss include gas turbines fuel oil fired reciprocating engines, and combined rhythm workss. The enlargement works prognosis includes gas turbines, combined rhythm workss, Diesel workss, furnace oil workss, and coal workss. Economic, societal, environmental and technological benefits Economic benefits The entree of electrification is tremendous difference in regional in the state. In the western state where about 90 per centum of family have entree to electricity while North cardinal state have entree to electricity about 65 per centum. In the Sabaragamuwa, Uwa, North Western and East between 40 to 50 per centum of families without entree to electricity. The entire figure of electrification of small town strategies was increased from 2115 to 14690 since 1980 and 1998. By 2015, the Government plans to provide electrification to about 100 per centum of the state ‘s small towns. Some 600 rural electrification strategies, covering eight states will supply electricity supply to about 112,500 extra families and other consumers, Some 600km of 33 kilovolts distribution lines will be supplied to beef up CEB ‘s bing webs in rural countries to cut down overloading and losingss on those lines. A scope of alternate energy beginnings ( solar, air current, mini-hydro and biomass ) wi ll besides be developed through community-based organisations and the private sector to spread out rural electricity entree, peculiarly in the more distant, dry zone parts. Where capital costs for rural electrification are prohibitory, crystalline subsidies will be provided, to spread out entree. Merely the agribusiness entirely would non be equal to increase incomes in the rural countries. There is discoursing facts that these rural households that gain the extreme portion of their income from off-farm income are cagey to work their manner out of poorness faster. Access of electricity is besides of import to any off farm activity. Electric illuming besides makes a important part to the quality and success of rural instruction. Economic benefits of the undertaking are discussed farther below. ( a ) Adequate electricity supply- In order for the national economic system to turn, adequate and dependable supply of electricity should be available at low-cost monetary values. Despite puting big amounts of borrowed money on the electricity sector for the past many old ages, our state is unable to run into the turning demand for electricity. Furthermore, our electricity monetary values are one of the highest in the part. These defects could be remedied if we could acquire our private sector to put on moderate graduated table decentralized power workss with autochthonal fuel supply. The survey carried out by the Ministry of Science and Technology with EU support reveals that over 4000 MW of biomass based electrical power could be generated by change overing the debauched fringy land available in the state. The proposed 2 MW works would turn out the commercial viability of this construct. ( B ) Organic nitrogen-bearing fertilizer- Nitrogenous chemical fertiliser such as urea had been extensively used in the agricultural sectors in Sri Lanka. The current one-year use is in the part of 0.4 million metric tons. The entire national demands of urea are imported at a cost of around US $ 50 million per twelvemonth. In the recent yesteryear, the monetary value of imported carbamide had been lifting steeply. In order to prolong the husbandman community and to guarantee equal supply of our basic nutrient, the authorities had been supplying some grade of subsidy for urea. At nowadays this has reached about a 3rd of the existent cost. Even with this heavy subsidy, paddy husbandmans are unable to do a populating out of rice cultivation. On the other manus, giver bureaus such as the World Bank/ IMF etc. have been exerting force per unit area through WTO on the authorities to minimise all signifiers of subsidies and let the market forces to find the optimal allotment of resources. As explained in Chapter 3, from a Gliricidia energy plantation, the mean output of wood per hectare per twelvemonth is 30 metric tons ( at 20 % wet ) and the corresponding output of fresh leaf is 26 metric tons. Systematic surveies carried out by the Coconut Research Institute had revealed that the application of 50 kilograms of fresh Gliricidia leaf for a coconut thenar provides the equivalent of N from 800 gms of urea [ †¦ .. ] . Furthermore the application of leaf improves the wellness of dirt by increasing the organic content in dirt. The aim of this undertaking is to show the commercialization of the construct of sustainable fuelwood production from Gliricidia energy plantations and the operation of an associated biomass power coevals installation. This 2 MW installation would necessitate the equivalent of 800 hour angle of Gliricidia plantations. Harmonizing to the survey conducted by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Land Use Policy Planning Division of the Ministry of Lands, the entire extent of debauched fringy land in the state is around 1.6 million hectares. This means that the entire potency of Gliricidia leaf production in the state is 1.6 ten 26 = 41.6 million metric tons yearly. This is tantamount to 0.67 million metric tons of carbamide. The states entire one-year use of carbamide is merely 0.4 million metric tons. The cautionary value of this is USD 96 million. This clearly shows the economic benefit of Gliricidia energy plantation to the agricultural sector. [ †¦ ] ( degree Celsius ) Increasing the capacity of national milk production- About 60 % of our national one-year demands of milk amounting to 500 million liters are imported at a cost of USD 125 million. One ground for our failure to bring forth our demand of milk is the deficiency of nitrogen-bearing fresh fish for our cowss. Though we have equal measures of carbonaceous fresh fish in the signifier of rice straw, nitrogen-bearing fresh fish is in short supply. Gliricidia leaf is an first-class nitrogen-bearing fresh fish. A 1-hectare plantation of Gliricidia would give 30 metric tons of wood and 26 metric tons of fresh leaf per twelvemonth. Along with 26 metric tons of rice straw, this measure of leaf is sufficient to feed 6 cattles. The one-year income from the sale of milk from 5 cattles would amount to USD 1,654 per twelvemonth. This construct of incorporating Gliricidia Energy Plantation with the rapid enlargement of dairy industry in Sri Lanka may non be realized in the short term. Equally far as this undertaking is concerned, it is expected that the pr esent cattle population of 84 cowss would be expanded to 500 within the undertaking boundary. Possibly this would move as a accelerator for other countries to follow suit. In the average clip excess leaf produced would be used as organic fertiliser. The 1.6 million hectares of debauched fringy land in our state could be used to bring forth the state ‘s full demands of milk. Droppings from the cattles could be used as organic nitrogen-bearing fertiliser replacing urea as described in subdivision ( B ) above. It should be noted that the usage of leaf as fresh fish and the droppings as nitrogen-bearing fertiliser brings more benefits than straight utilizing the leaf as green organic fertiliser. Nitrogen in cow droppings is easy absorbed by workss therefore cut downing leaching and evaporative losingss. ( vitamin D ) Auxiliary harvests in the entree manner in energy plantations- As described in Chapter 3, an entree manner with a 4-meter breadth will be provided at 11-meter intervals in the energy plantations. This spread is provided to supply entree for tractors to roll up and transport the fuelwood harvested in the 11-meter broad strips of trees in the energy plantations. These spreads are used as entree manner merely one time in 6 to 8 months. These spreads besides function as limit of blocks to ease systematic harvest home. A major disadvantage of supplying this spread is it encourages the growing of weeds, peculiarly Guina A and B ( Panicum upper limit ) and Illuk ( Imperate cylindrica ) . One manner of minimising the growing of weeds and optimizing the land infinite in energy plantations is to turn short-run hard currency harvests in these spreads during the two short rainy seasons ( April to June and October to January ) . Crops such as corn, sorghum, benne, black-eyed pea, mung bean, black gm etc. are suited for short-run harvests. Gross from these hard currency harvests would better the economic viability and heighten the sustainability of the plantations. Leaf of Gliricidia subdivisions harvested could be used as organic fertiliser for the hard currency harvest. Gliricidia leaf has the undermentioned alimentary contents: 3 to 4.5 % N, 0.2 to 0.3 % P, 1.5 to 3.5 % K, 1 to 1.4 % Ca and 0.4 to 0.6 % Mg. Furthermore the debut leaf to the dirt increases the organic content and improves the dirt. ( vitamin E ) Conservation of foreign exchange- Ever since the state adopted an â€Å" unfastened economic † policy in 1977, the para value of Sri Lankan Rupee has been deprecating in an exponential mode. Figure 15 illustrates this characteristic.Start of Open EconomyFigure 15: Depreciation of SLR with regard to USD since the ‘open economic system ‘ [ †¦ ] The primary ground for this depreciation is that the demand for foreign currency is much higher than the supply of foreign currency. There are two ways of deciding this crisis. One is to increase the supply of foreign currency. That is by increasing exports and spread outing the services, which bring foreign exchange to the state ( such as touristry, foreign employment etc ) . The 2nd manner is to cut down imports. Unfortunately, since 1977, we have been following merely the first method. This has non resolved the crisis. Therefore, we need to follow the 2nd way every bit good. That is we should cut down foreign currency outgo. In other words, if we should try to bring forth locally whatever goods or services which can be produced locally at competitory cost instead than importing such merchandises at a higher cost. Electricity produced by IPPs is a authoritative illustration. For the twelvemonth 2004, the mean monetary value paid for imported fuel based electricity produced by IPPs was SLR 9.20 ( USD 0.0902 ) per kWh, whereas the monetary value paid for local resource based electricity for the same twelvemonth was merely SLR 5.49 ( USD 0.0538 ) per kWh. If the same mean monetary value is paid for both, the state could bring forth all the electricity demands from local resources. The entire foreign exchange demands to run into the expected thermal based electricity from imported dodo fuel, including the foreign capital, fuel, runing and foreign transmittal costs for the twelvemonth 2005 to 2015 ( based on US Cts 8/kWh ) are given in Table 04 below. It is of import to observe that by the twelvemonth 2015, the expected foreign exchange demands needed exceed the expected foreign exchange net incomes from traditional harvests – tea, gum elastic and coconut ( USD 1000 million ) . With such big demand for foreign exchange, and with the expected diminution in foreign exchange income from the local garment industry when the Multi-fibre Agreement comes into consequence in the twelvemonth 2005, the state of affairs would be wholly unwieldy. If we develop local biomass resources, these demands could be reduced to manageable degrees. Sri Lanka is wholly null of any proved militias of fossil fuels. All demands of crude oil fuels are imported from the Middle Eastern states. If we decide to import coal, so we would import it from Australia. Depending on imported fuels to run into most of our energy would put the state in a serious insecure place. Development of autochthonal resources would put the state in a unafraid place. 5.2.2 Social benefits The undertaking has a big constituent for community engagement throughout-grower system. Fuelwood harvested from sustainable energy plantations will be used as fuel for the power works. Fuel wood plantations will be managed both as a big graduated table plantations every bit good as small-scale husbandman out-grower system. The out-grower system will cut down the poorness degree in the part, so that the undertaking has societal benefits. A farmer household can gain sum SLR 25,000 per twelvemonth from a hectare of land from cultivating Gliricidia for fuel wood. If this wood could be cut into 50 to 100 millimeter pieces, so the income would increase to Rs. 45,000 per hectare, as the current sale monetary value of cut wood ready for gasification or direct eating to boilers is Rs. 1.50 per kilogram at the farm gate and Rs. 2.75 per kilogram at the energy transition Centres. The undertaking is be aftering to present an incorporate attack for fuel wood plantation, which include cowss farming utilizing leaf fresh fish, organic fertiliser utilizing waste, and outflowing fertiliser or biogas, and organic agribusiness merchandises. Farmers can gain around SLR 45,000 from selling 30 dozenss of fuel wood, SLR 7,350 from selling 32 dozenss of droppings as organic fertiliser and SLR 168,750 from selling 6750 liters of milk. Around 2000 households are expected to take part in the out-grower strategy so that their income will increase the undertaking besides provides regular day-to-day emplacement for around 50 people throughout the twelvemonth in the fuel wood aggregation and transit activities. in the fuelwood aggregation and transit activities. In add-on to this, during the building phase, a big figure of skilled and unskilled workers will be hired from the local countries. Over 50 % of the employees are likely to be hired from the nearby communities. Additional roads will be built by the company to entree the human dynamo and the plantations. These roads are available for usage by the local people and in some instances will supply motorable entree to their places where there were merely footpaths earlier. The undertaking is expected to supply the undermentioned societal benefits. ( a ) Supplying employment for rural hapless – The Government of Sri Lanka yearly spends SLR 8,500 1000000s ( USD 83 million ) on poorness relief on the about 25 % of the entire population. Over halve of the entire population in the state are populating in the rural countries. Most of them are engaged in agricultural activity. Despite the huge sum of money spent in many agricultural development undertakings such as the Mahaweli Project, the farming community in the state is populating at subsistence degree. Most of the husbandmans are engaged in paddy cultivation. This provides merely intermittent employment chance, numbering 5 to 6 months in a twelvemonth. During the balance 6 to 7 months, these workers look for alternate employment. Many of them are tempted to acquire involved in illegal activities. The proposed method of sporadically reaping mature subdivisions and utilizing the wood as fuel for electricity coevals and the leaf as fresh fish and organic fertiliser would ( a ) provide employment chance during the slack periods and ( B ) increases the one-year income well for the husbandmans in the dry zones. The constitution of plantations and periodical harvest home provides around 30,000 man-days of work yearly for each MW of power works, averaging 76 man-days per hectare. Assuming a household is entrusted with 1 hour angle of plantation and provided with 6 cattles, the one-year income for this household is as follows: Income from wood ( SLR/ha/y ) : SLR 45,000 ( USD 441 ) Income from milk ( SLR/ha/y ) : SLR 168,750 ( USD 1,654 ) Income from droppings ( SLR/ha/y ) : SLR 7350 ( USD 72 ) Entire SLR.221,100 ( USD2,168 ) A household is expected to give merely 76 man-days of work per twelvemonth on these activities. Rest of the clip could be devoted to traditional rice cultivation. ( B ) Nutrition for children- It has been found that most of the rural kids are enduring of malnutrition. The production of milk in each family would ensue in deciding this crisis. The undertaking is expected to better the quality of the rural hapless through increased income, which will further ease the obliteration of child malnutrition. ( degree Celsius ) Electrification of villages- The Government of Sri Lanka has revealed that merely 80 % of the families in the state would be connected to the national electricity grid. The balance 20 % of the population amounting to over 1 million is to be provided with off-grid system. The World Bank funded Renewable Energy for Rural Economic Development ( RERED ) plan is expected to cover approximately 5 % of this 1 million families. The proposal to set up biomass based power coevals undertakings in rural countries would widen the national electricity grid to countries, which would non hold otherwise been reached. Besides the debut of this engineering would excite the constitution of biomass based off-grid systems to supply electricity to rural communities. ( vitamin D ) Cleaner fuel for rural household- The debut of 6 cattles per family would promote the use of biogas systems to these families. Biogas therefore produced could be used for cookery or for electricity coevals in stray single families. The usage of biogas for cooking would ensue in the wellness of the household vastly as it would extinguish fume from traditional wood ranges. 5.2.3 Environmental benefits There are no issues related to pollution as a consequence of this undertaking. Fuelwood plantations will be established in under-utilised lands. This in fact will be a solution for the land debasement job of the state. Fuelwood plantation will back up to keep ecological balance in the part. Most of the debauched lands are in close propinquity to the rice Paddy Fieldss. The paddy Fieldss constitute the low-lying lands the debauched shifting cultivated lands constitute the high-lying lands. Normally, shortly after the harvest home of rice Paddy, the husbandmans cultivate the high-land country by the â€Å" Slash & A ; Burn/ Shifting Cultivation † method. By presenting Gliricidia as an energy plantation harvest, these husbandmans could change over these debauched lands into a sustainable and perennial harvest land. There will be no demand for firing or switching activities. Though non advocated in this undertaking, â€Å" Alley Cropping † system with Giricidia and chash ha rvests like maize has been demonstrated in Sri Lanka. In this system, Gliricidia ( or Leucena ) trees are planted in rows with a spacing of 0.5 metres within the rows and 2 to 3 metres between rows. These lines of trees lie in the East – West way ( along the way of the Sun ) . At the terminal of the monsoon rains in January, the side subdivisions of Gliricidia trees are cut go forthing the chief root integral. In between the lines of Gliricidia trees, short-run hard currency harvest such as maize is planted. In three months the maize would maturate and would be ready for crop. Gliricidia trees are allowed to turn and the subdivisions harvest at the terminal of the following monsoon season in January following twelvemonth. This manner, the husbandmans could acquire a significant income from three beginnings: ( 1 ) Traditional paddy cultivation in the low-lying lands ; ( 2 ) Short-run hard currency harvests: ( 3 ) Perennial Gliricidia brush wood and leaf. Environmental benefits of the undertaking are discussed below: ( a ) Suspension of emanations of GHG and other pollutants – Sri Lanka has ratified the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. Therefore, we have a moral duty to cut down emanations of GHGs. The ‘Business As Usual ‘ option adopted by contrivers depends to a great extent on coal as the major fuel in run intoing our hereafter electricity demand. Figure 16 illustrates the fuel demands for electricity coevals harmonizing to BAU scenario.CoalOilFigure 16: Fuel demands for electricity coevals: BAU scenario Table 05 gives the CO2 and other pollutant emanations of power coevals under this scenario. This is illustrated in Figure 17. The estimated baseline emanation of particulates, SOX, NOX and CO2 are given in the tabular array 05. This undertaking will displace the tantamount sum of CO2 and SOX about in its entireness and to great extent of NOX and particulates. Figure 17: Tendencies of baseline emanation from electricity coevals As illustrated in Figure17, the emanations of GHG from the power sector will increase bit by bit while the particulate affair emanation will worsen if the baseline scenario continues. Harmonizing to the public-service corporation ( CEB ) , the largest beginning of particulates are IC engines used with furnace oil or residuary oil. With the debut of coal based power workss, the reciprocating workss would be phased out. Coal power workss will be provided with electrostatic precipitators and bag filters etc. to minimise particulate emanation. Hence, CEB expects the particulate emanation degrees to drop over the old ages. The proposed 2MW power works based on sustainable supply of fuelwood from SRC Gliricidia plantations would ensue in zero CO2 emanation, therefore dramatically bettering the emanation degrees. The undertaking besides expects to command other pollutants such as SOX, NOX and particulate affair. The proposed method of electricity coevals is an alternate to the dodo fuel bas ed electricity coevals soon practiced and planned for future enlargement. Fossil fuels such as oil and coal would non merely breathe C dioxide, they besides emit big measures of sulfur dioxide and oxides of N. Sulphur and nitrogen content of woody biomass are undistinguished compared to those present in fossil fuels. All ash produced in the procedure will be returned to the plantation country and will be applied as organic fertiliser. Thus the bottom ash disposal jobs encountered in coal based power coevals would non be encountered in the proposed method. The proposed system eliminates most of the environmental jobs encountered in dodo fuel based power coevals methods. The impact of the proposed 2 MW biomass power works on the national emanation degree would no uncertainty be really undistinguished. But the possible in Sri Lanka for sustainable biomass based electricity coevals is really big. There are over 1.6 million hour angle of debauched land available for sustainable energy plantations. This would be adequate to bring forth 4000 MW of electricity with an one-year end product of 28,000 GWh. Our hydropower potency is around 6000 GWh per twelvemonth. Hence biomass plus hydro we have a potency of 34,000 GWh per twelvemonth. Our present demand for electricity is 8000 GWh/ twelvemonth. Even at 8 % steady growing, we could bring forth all our electricity ( without any fossil fuels ) for many 20 more old ages to come. By that clip there would be many renewable engineerings which are commercially feasible. Furthermore, Gliricidia plantations from the 1.6 million hour angle of debauched land would bring forth 42 million metric tons of leaf. This together with the rice straw soon incinerated in the Paddy Fieldss could be used to bring forth biogas. This could be used as conveyance fuel ( like in Sweden in Switzerland ) . This would extinguish the emanations from the conveyance sector. ( B ) Change by reversaling land degradation- About a 3rd of the land countries of the state amounting to approximately 1.6 to 2.0 million hectares are in a debauched province. These extents of land were productive dry zone forests a few hundred old ages ago. The primary ground for debasement had been unsustainable pattern of cut and burn signifier of switching cultivation adopted by coevalss of subsistence agriculture in these countries. Most of these countries receive an one-year rainfall of about 1250 millimeter. Most of this rainfall is received during the monsoon months of October to December. Agricultural activity could be practiced merely during this monsoon period. Consecutive cut and burn system of agribusiness with unequal fallow period to recover birthrate has resulted in debasement of these lands. Locations of these lands are given in Figure 18 below. Figure 18: Locations of debauched fringy land As the pattern of cut and burn signifier of agribusiness is still go oning in these countries, the extent of these lands is bit by bit increasing. Furthermore, the grade of debasement is besides on the addition due to firing followed by dirt eroding. The procedure of desertification has already started in some of these countries. Unless remedial methods are taken, these lands will stop up as comeuppances. One possible manner of reconstructing the initial position of these lands is to present some tree screen with lasting closed canopy. The proposed method of seting N repairing Gliricidia trees at a spacing of 1 metre by 1 metre and periodical harvest home of selected mature subdivisions go forthing the chief root and the stamp subdivisions integral would be a satisfactory method of up-grading this land. As ash from the burning of wood would be returned to the dirt, dirt foods will be sustained. ( degree Celsius ) Renewable energy beginning and C sink – The proposed method of seting N repairing Gliricidia trees at a spacing of 1 metre by 1 metre and periodical harvest home of selected mature subdivisions go forthing the chief root and the stamp subdivisions in tact would ensue in prolonging the C balance in the system. In the land readying stage, merely the weedy biomass would be removed. All productive bing tree harvests would be retained till they reach their economic life. ( vitamin D ) Organic nitrogen-bearing fertiliser to replace chemical urea fertilizer- As mentioned in subdivision ( B ) , the proposed method besides produces big measures of organic nitrogen-bearing fertilisers, replacing chemical urea fertiliser manufactured from fossil fuels. Apart from extinguishing the tantamount sum of C dioxide emanation, the usage of organic nitrogen-bearing fertiliser increases the organic content of the dirt therefore heightening the environmental impact. 5.2.4 Technological benefits The new engineerings expected to be introduced by the undertaking include the followers: ( a ) Biomass production engineering – As mentioned earlier in Chapter 3 â€Å" Modern method of fuelwood production † , bio fuel for the proposed power works will be produced in Short Rotation Coppice plantation utilizing modern methods. This engineering, though introduced to the state late, it has non yet been practised in commercial graduated table operation. The debut of 2000 hectares of SRC plantations utilizing this modern method would transform the full dry zone country into a healthy, sustainable and profitable zone. The undermentioned characteristics of biomass fuel production are described in Annex A Land Preparation Planting Materials Constitution of Plantations Care of Plantations Harvesting, roll uping and transporting of wood ( B ) Biomass energy transition technology- Apart from a few sugar Millss, a freshly introduced presentation unit and a power undertaking under building, there are no commercial graduated table bio fuel based electricity bring forthing installations in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, the Sugar industries use merely the waste baggase as fuel utilizing crude inactive grating burning systems. The freshly introduced presentation unit consist of a biomass down bill of exchange gasifier with H2O scrubber/ gas ice chest and a spark-ignition based IC engine-generator with an end product of 35 kilowatt. This is installed in a distant rural are to supply electricity to 100 families. The other works is a 1 MW power works with boiler-steam turbine system. The proposed power works will utilize Circulating Fluidised Bed burning system with high force per unit area and high temperature steam coevals. These factors will well better the steam use efficiency, therefore cut downing the operational cost, peculiarly, if the cost of fuel constitutes a important portion in the concluding cost of electricity. Furthermore, the improved burning system would cut down the emanation degree. Features of electricity coevals are discussed below. The alternator of the system is designed for 3200 kVA with a power factor of 0.8. This power end product would be 2.56 MW. But with parasitic burden, the expected net end product is 2 MW. Fuel treatment- Fuel wood from the plantations would get in dawdlers. These would be weighed and moisture degree determined by portable wet metres. These will be stacked in the storage country in the power station. Fuel wood from the storage pace would be removed on a ‘first-in-first-out ‘ footing. These would be chipped to allow size ( for fluidised burning ) and stored in a hopper. Flue gas from the boiler would be assorted with ambient air and would be used to dry the wood french friess to the coveted wet degree for burning. Combustion system and boiler- The steam generator shall be of natural circulation, balanced draft, and fluidised bed burning ( FBC ) type, designed for firing wood french friess. The capacity of boiler is about 35 TPH on maximal uninterrupted footing at approximately 60kg/cm2 ( g. ) operating force per unit area and about 490oC temperature. The economizer subdivision of the boiler shall be of nonaˆ‘steaming type. Super warmer subdivision shall be designed so as to keep rated steam temperature of about 490oC at mercantile establishment over the control scope of 60 % to 100 % MCR burden. A steam de-superheating station with proviso for spray H2O tapped off from feed H2O discharge shrieking shall be provided. Air pre-heaters of cannular type shall be provided for steam temperature control. The AFBC shall dwell of in-bed / above-bed ace warmer subdivisions, bed evaporator, H2O walls/refractory walls, economiser and air preaˆ‘heater. The boiler shall be equipped with a suited fuel fire system. The complete boiler shall be bottom-supported type and be provided with all back uping steel platform, galleries, staircases for easy attack and care of the units. Adequate conditions protection shall be provided for instruments and runing forces. Necessary liner and insularity along with repairing stuffs to restrict outside surface temperature to a safe degree shall be provided. Monorails and hoists required for managing motors, fans shall be provided. A trim boiler provender pump shall be provided. Turbine- The turbine shall be of Multistage, Nozzle governed, Horizontal spindle, two bearings, Impulse type with hydraulicly operated halt and exigency valve and built-in steam strainer, hydraulicly operated Throttle/ Regulating valves shall be used as the chief power coevals equipment. Turbine steam recess conditions will be maximal uninterrupted footing at approximately 60kg/cm2 ( g. ) operating force per unit area and about 490oC temperature. The exhaust force per unit area shall be about 0.1 saloon ( a ) . Condenser- The capacitor shall be of shell and tubing building, horizontal, divided H2O box with built-in hot good. Cooling tower- The chilling tower shall be of forced-draft type with concrete building and aggregation pool. Alternator- The alternator shall be an AC synchronal generator with 3200kVA, 3.3kV, 50Hz, 3-phase, 4-wire system coupled to the steam turbine through a velocity decrease gearbox complete with following ( a ) Brush less exciter ( B ) Twin bearings ( degree Celsius ) AVR and excitement panel ( vitamin D ) Antiaˆ‘condensation warmers ( vitamin E ) VARs control Auxiliaries- The undermentioned aides shall be provided: ( a ) Auxiliaries for generator protection and control panel ( B ) Generator ledgeman ( degree Celsius ) Battery with care tools ( vitamin D ) Battery courser and DC distribution panel. ( vitamin E ) Standby Generator for ‘Black Start ‘ . Fuel feed system- The fuel provender system shall dwell of a chipper, a drier using energy in boiler fluke gas, a mechanical/ pneumatic conveyance system directed into the burning chamber of the boiler. The fuel shall be stored in the storage country and fed manually in to the splintering machine. Ash remotion disposal- Ash shall be collected at the underside of the ash aggregation system. The disposal shall be done manually by opening the ash disposal door and collected in an ash cavity. Manual disposal is required thenceforth. The ash can be used as a fertiliser for the plantations. Features of fuelwood samples collected in the undertaking country have been analysed. Consequences obtained are as follows: Other impacts of the undertaking Positive impacts This undertaking will be an illustration for an attempt to advance sustainable biomass energy based electricity coevals with community engagement. Experience of this undertaking could be shared at national, regional and planetary degrees. Negative impacts One of the negative impacts of the undertaking would be the force per unit area on demand for land in the hereafter. If this undertaking is successful, many similar undertakings will be established throughout the state. This will negatively act upon other land usage options, such as agribusiness and small town enlargement etc.

How Would You Like to Be Remembered?

As human beings, we should always act in a manner that people will remember us for the good things we do and the legacy we live leave behind. When we die, our deeds live after us whether they are good or bad. Therefore, we should have it at the back of our mind that we are making history by what we are doing presently.Consequently, I live my life, bearing it in mind that what I am doing someday will be used as a measure for judging me. Therefore, if asked how I would like to be remembered, what I will say is enumerated below.First of all I would like to be remembered as an individual with sound ethical values and principles and does not compromise them no matter what the circumstance may be. Also, fairness is a characteristic that I would love to be recognized for.Personally, I have always strove to be fair with others and to recognize my mistakes while learning from them. In addition to this, I would like to be remembered as a person who respects others as much as respects himself. As a child, I have developed some values from my family to treat everybody with respect whether I agree with them or not.Furthermore, in my profession, I would love to be remembered to be a hardworking professional who always strives and ensures that she maximises his potentials in order to bring the best outcomes in his work.I believe that a leader should be a visionary and so I would like to be remembered as a leader with a vision and passion for his personal and professional life. Apart from these, I would like to be remembered as a team player and as someone with good organizational skills and critical thinking. This is because I consider these to be very important qualities that I would like to stigmatize my name.Summarily, I would love to be like to be remembered as person who is always keen and open to correction, always ready and eager to learn. I want to be remembered for the good that I have lived to do and to be remembered for the good and reputable name which I have buil t.Why is the Cambridge MBA right for you?From my consideration, I submit that in any profession, people need to seek out additional knowledge in their field of study and broaden their horizon with the wealth of information available to diligent learners. Lifelong learning for me is a prerequisite of becoming a successful professional.In my quest for my professional development, I discovered my interest and attraction to the field of business and finance, having come from a professional and academic Engineering background. At this stage in my life, I have decided to augment my knowledge in the field of business and finance.I strongly believe that this is the most appropriate time for me to devote myself to making the next step in my professional development. This has made me consider many universities and programmes and later deciding to apply to the Cambridge MBA. I highlight the reasons that informed my decision below.As an institution of learning, Cambridge MBA is one of the best so I will acquire a sound knowledge for the purpose achieving the best results for my future career goals. Apart from this, I made the decision because I want to enter dynamically into the financial and investment field.Also, I want to be part of success considering the fact that Judge Business School has built a respectable name in the world of commerce and I consider this to be a great success for the institution. I see this to be a great opportunity for my future career as a student of this programme to be a prospective recruit for top-tier companies.Cambridge MBA provides me with the opportunity to specialize in the real estate through the Electives and Consulting Projects. So far, I have learned that to attain greatness in one’s personal and/or professional life, one must work hard. Needless to say, challenges are opportunities created to develop one personally and professionally.Experience has taught me the importance of making concise decisions and at the same time, be ing able to view issues from different perspectives in order to achieve the best result. I believe the Cambridge MBA can reinforce such qualities.In conclusion, I believe the competition and intensity of the programme will serve as a great opportunity in improving my managerial and leadership skills, which are necessary for an advanced career. I consider that such knowledge, as the one that I will gain from this programme, is vital in pursuing my goals.